Актуальные методы лечения сужения верхней челюсти

Abstract

Transverse deficiency of the maxilla is one of the most common anomalies of the dentofacial system, significantly affecting occlusion, facial aesthetics, and respiratory function. In recent decades, approaches to treating this condition have evolved considerably due to the introduction of new orthodontic and surgical technologies. This study analyzes modern methods of maxillary expansion, including traditional orthodontic approaches (rapid and slow palatal expansion), microimplant-assisted techniques (MARPE, MSE), and surgically-assisted methods (SARPE, DOME). The mechanisms of action are discussed, based on the biomechanics of midpalatal suture opening and bone tissue remodeling. Special attention is given to the comparative assessment of method effectiveness depending on patient age, suture ossification, and clinical conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are analyzed, including the level of invasiveness, result stability, and risk of complications. Modern trends, such as the use of digital technologies, 3D modeling, and computer-aided treatment planning, are also considered, which improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment predictability. It is concluded that the choice of maxillary expansion method must be strictly individualized, taking into account the anatomical and functional characteristics of the patient. The most promising approaches are hybrid and minimally invasive methods, providing an optimal combination of treatment effectiveness and safety.