Микробиологические критерии диагностики язвенно-некротического гингивостоматита

Abstract

Introduction. Ulcerative-necrotic gingivostomatitis (UNGS) is an acute inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa characterized by necrosis of the interdental gingiva, pain, bleeding, and halitosis.
Aim. The study aimed to investigate the microbiological criteria for diagnosing UNGS by analyzing the qualitative and quantitative composition of oral microflora and assessing the degree of dysbiosis.
Material and methods: Microbiological examinations were performed in 46 patients with UNGS and 20 healthy individuals. Saliva samples were cultured using serial dilutions on differential diagnostic media. The quantity of microorganisms was expressed as colony-forming units (CFU/ml).
The results demonstrated a marked decrease in Lactobacter spp. (by 2.37 times, P<0.001) and a predominance of pathogenic strains — Streptococcus pyogenes (90.7%), Candida spp. (50.0%), and Staphylococcus aureus (29.6%). These findings indicate the development of subcompensated dysbiosis of grade I–II, characterized by the presence of at least two pathogenic species.
Conclusion: Patients with UNGS exhibit significant alterations in oral microbiocenosis, confirming the need for microbiological analysis and individualized antibacterial and antifungal therapy to restore microbial balance.