Эпидемиологические показатели рабдомиосаркомы у детей в Узбекистане

Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common mesenchymal malignant tumor in children. In global populations, its annual incidence is about 4-5 cases per 1 million children and adolescents, with the highest incidence of tumor localization in the head and neck; however, in a number of countries with limited registration of oncological diseases, accurate national indicators for rhabdomyosarcoma are not available. In Uzbekistan, there is little direct public data on the annual incidence of rhabdomyosarcoma in children in open sources. The article presents estimates of the expected number of cases in Uzbekistan based on international indicators and national demographics, as well as a discussion of differences in access to diagnosis and survival compared to global data.
Materials and methods. This study was conducted on the basis of statistical data from forms No. 7 for 2015-2025. The cases of primary disease of all malignant tumors, general morbidity, and survival among children were studied. The analysis was carried out retroactively and prospectively in the conditions of two large cancer centers in Tashkent.
Results. There is an increase in the number of patients who have been examined, in absolute terms: in 2022 – 1210, in 2023 – 1598, in 2024 -1865, in 2025. for 9 months of record keeping – 1965 patients. The overall survival rate has been raised from 37% in 2022 to 42% in 2024. It should be noted that survival rates are relatively higher when the tumor is localized in the head and neck region, and therefore, this localization is considered favorable in the risk stratification. The PedsQL quality of life index reached 78 ± 6. In the period from 2015 to 2022, 65 cases of children with rhabdomyosarcoma were registered in the RSSPMCOandR. During the 3 years (2022-2025), 42 patients with radomyosarcoma were newly identified among the pediatric population. Among all of them, about 70% are identified as the embryonic type of rhabdomyosarcoma, 25% are alveolar, 5% are pleomorphic and mixed.