Integrative dentistry and maxillofacial surgery

Effective methods for the treatment of maxillofacial injuries in patients with combined trauma

Turaxonov S.V., Gafurov Z.A., Arabjonov A.A. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the challenges of treating maxillofacial injuries in patients with combined (polytraumatic) trauma, highlighting diagnostic and surgical features, as well as the advantages of modern treatment technologies. The study was conducted at the clinical base of the Tashkent Medical Academy between 2022 and 2024, involving 68 patients.
The results showed that using mini-plate osteosynthesis and an individualized approach reduced bone healing time by 2.5 weeks, decreased infectious complications by 9.3%, and improved aesthetic outcomes by 17%. The use of PRP therapy and physiotherapy accelerated soft tissue regeneration by 1.5 times.
The article substantiates the clinical effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach, planning of 3D computed tomography, modern osteosynthesis methods, and rehabilitation techniques.

3D analysis of the dynamics of soft tissue volume changes after augmentation of a free gingival graft

Shomurodov K.E., Mirkhusanova R.R., Idiev O.E., Bekmurodov E.E. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article is devoted to a three-dimensional analysis of the dynamics of changes in the peri-implant soft tissue volume
depending on the timing of soft tissue augmentation: simultaneously with the installation of dental implants (group I) and after achieving osseointegration (group II). The dynamics of tissue volume changes were studied using 3D Geomagic Capture Wrap (3D Systems, USA) morphometric analysis software by superimposing digital casts (three-dimensional images) on top of each other.

Epidemiological indicators of rhabdomyosarcoma in children in Uzbekistan

Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common mesenchymal malignant tumor in children. In global populations, its annual incidence is about 4-5 cases per 1 million children and adolescents, with the highest incidence of tumor localization in the head and neck; however, in a number of countries with limited registration of oncological diseases, accurate national indicators for rhabdomyosarcoma are not available. In Uzbekistan, there is little direct public data on the annual incidence of rhabdomyosarcoma in children in open sources. The article presents estimates of the expected number of cases in Uzbekistan based on international indicators and national demographics, as well as a discussion of differences in access to diagnosis and survival compared to global data.
Materials and methods. This study was conducted on the basis of statistical data from forms No. 7 for 2015-2025. The cases of primary disease of all malignant tumors, general morbidity, and survival among children were studied. The analysis was carried out retroactively and prospectively in the conditions of two large cancer centers in Tashkent.
Results. There is an increase in the number of patients who have been examined, in absolute terms: in 2022 – 1210, in 2023 – 1598, in 2024 -1865, in 2025. for 9 months of record keeping – 1965 patients. The overall survival rate has been raised from 37% in 2022 to 42% in 2024. It should be noted that survival rates are relatively higher when the tumor is localized in the head and neck region, and therefore, this localization is considered favorable in the risk stratification. The PedsQL quality of life index reached 78 ± 6. In the period from 2015 to 2022, 65 cases of children with rhabdomyosarcoma were registered in the RSSPMCOandR. During the 3 years (2022-2025), 42 patients with radomyosarcoma were newly identified among the pediatric population. Among all of them, about 70% are identified as the embryonic type of rhabdomyosarcoma, 25% are alveolar, 5% are pleomorphic and mixed.

Cytokine imbalance and its correlation with periodontal indices in endodontic-periodontal lesions

Shomurodova G.Kh., Yusupalihodzhaeva S.Kh. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study revealed strong correlations (r=0,70-0,91) between proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and periodontal indices (PK r=0,793, PMA r=0,681), as well as antagonism with IL-4/IL-10 (r=-0,659 - -0,913) in 50 patients with generalized periodontitis. Cytokine imbalance confirms the role of biomarkers for predicting destruction.

Assessment of the Role of Microorganisms in the Etiopathogenesis of Chronic Hypertrophic Gingivitis and the Effective Use of Natural Therapeutic Agents in Treatment

Gafforov S.A., Nurmatova N.T., Gafforova S.S., Sobirov A.A. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Relevance. Inflammatory periodontal diseases (IPD), including chronic hypertrophic gingivitis (CHG) and chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG), are known to be associated with local factors such as oral hygiene, dental and occlusal anomalies, periodontal pocket depth, and the microbiological and immunological characteristics of oral fluid. Disturbances in periodontal tissue hemodynamics and metabolism, along with microorganisms such as St. dentisani, St. salivarius, and other species of the oral microbiome, play an important role in the development of CHG and CCG. However, modern molecular research using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has identified genes such as mecA, VanA and VanB, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), highlighting the need for region-specific therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Materials and methods. The study included 230 children and adolescents: chronic hypertrophic gingivitis (CHG, n=165) and periodontally healthy controls (C/G, n=65). Clinical, functional, immunological, histobiochemical, and microbiological examinations of the maxillofacial region, periodontal tissues, and oral fluid were performed.
Results. Identified risk factors included poor oral hygiene (GI, PI, OHI-s, CPITN and gingival bleeding indices); occlusal anomalies (51.5%), including anterior tooth crowding (32.1%), shortened lip/tongue frenulum and narrow oral vestibule (35.1%). Immunological changes included increased CD8⁺ T-cell count, decreased CD4⁺, and elevated serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM. Mean counts of opportunistic microbial colonies in oral fluid were: Str. β – 94.6±0.4*, Neisseria – 54.8±0.2*, Candida – 54.8±0.2*, with altered levels in periodontal pockets: –144.6±0.68*, – 8.3±0.22*, –4.6±0.3* respectively. Porphyromonas gingivalis (11.6%), Treponema denticola (10%), and Tannerella forsythensis (6.7%) were detected. For the first time, microbial genes mecA, VanA and VanB, as well as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), were identified. Based on the findings, the efficacy of the proposed therapeutic complex — “Inflamdent” gel and the herbal infusion “Ginger” — was proven in comparison with conventional treatment.
Conclusion. The detected microbial genes mecA, VanA and VanB, as well as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), may be considered potential risk factors in the onset of CHG. The combined use of locally produced “Inflamdent” gel and the herbal infusion “Ginger” demonstrated significant clinical, dental, immunological, and microbiological effectiveness in treatment and prevention.

Application of osteoplastic biocomposites in correcting jaw defects

Abdullaev Sh.Yu., Ravshanova O.T. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents an analysis of modern approaches to the use of osteoplastic biocomposites in eliminating jaw bone defects, primarily occurring after cystectomy. The main requirements for bone grafting materials are considered, including biocompatibility, biodegradation, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties, as well as the ability to ensure mechanical stability of the defect area. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature from 2013-2017 and archival materials from the Adult Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Tashkent State Medical University, a comparative assessment of widely used biocomposite materials was conducted. Special attention was given to the new generation material "Osteomatrix," which contains collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and natural hydroxyapatite, ensuring the preservation of the architectonics of organic and mineral components of bone tissue. It has been shown that the use of this biocomposite contributes to active stimulation of reparative osteogenesis, accelerated formation of full-fledged spongy bone, and is characterized by a high degree of biointegration without a pronounced inflammatory reaction. The obtained data confirm the feasibility of using biocomposite osteoplastic materials to optimize the treatment of jaw cavity defects.

Dental Status of Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases (Literature Review)

Зиядуллаева Н.С., Туляганов Д.Ш. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases are frequently accompanied by pronounced changes in the oral cavity, which is due to the anatomical and physiological unity of the gastric and oral mucosa. This article provides an overview of current data on the relationship between functional and organic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, etc.) and pathological manifestations in the oral mucosa, tongue, periodontium, and dental hard tissues. Characteristic clinical signs are described, including hyposalivation, pH changes, dystrophic and inflammatory processes, tongue papillae lesions, plaque formation, as well as an increased risk of caries and periodontal diseases. Special attention is paid to microbiological changes, including the influence of Helicobacter pylori and oral dysbiosis. The authors emphasize the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with combined dental and gastroenterological pathology. Understanding the comorbidity of these diseases allows for improved effectiveness of dental care and enhanced patient quality of life.

Results of clinical research on the use of plant biofilm in the therapy of prosthetic stomatitis

Mirkhoshimova M.F., Khabilov B.N. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of plant biofilm in the therapy of prosthetic stomatitis in patients using removable plate dentures, in comparison with standard therapy using medicinal ointments. A prospective comparative clinical study was conducted with the participation of 40 patients with Newton grade I-II prosthetic stomatitis who regularly used removable plate dentures. Patients were randomized into two groups of 20 people. In the 1st (control) group, standard therapy with anti-inflammatory and/or antifungal ointments was used according to the generally accepted scheme. In the 2nd (main) group, plant biofilm was used, applied twice a day (morning and evening) after meals to the cleaned mucosa of the prosthetic bed and the inner surface of the denture. Assessment was carried out before treatment (day 0), after 1, 3, and 7 days according to the clinical index of prosthetic stomatitis (CIPS, 0-12 points: hyperemia, edema, pain/burning, subjective discomfort) and the visual analog scale for pain (VAS, 0-10 points). By the 3rd day of treatment, a more pronounced decrease in CIPS was recorded in the 2nd group (3.6±1.2 points versus 5.4±1.3 points in the control group; p<0.01) and pain intensity according to VAS. By the 7th day, complete or almost complete regression of clinical manifestations of prosthetic stomatitis was noted in 80% of patients in the main group and in 55% in the control group (p<0.05). Patients in the main group more often reported a rapid decrease in burning sensation and improved comfort when wearing dentures. The use of plant biofilm provides faster and more pronounced relief of clinical manifestations of prosthetic stomatitis compared to standard ointment therapy and can be considered as a promising component of complex treatment for this pathology

Improvement of complex treatment and diagnostics of precancerous and cancerous diseases of the mandible with the study of epidemiology and molecular-genetic research (Review article)

Ganiev A.A., Khazratov A.I., Juraev B.N. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This review article presents current data on the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic methods, and principles of complex treatment for precancerous and cancerous diseases of the mandible. The molecular-genetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis are discussed, including mutations in genes responsible for cell growth regulation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The article analyzes modern methods of early diagnosis, such as immunohistochemical and molecular-biological studies, which improve the accuracy of detecting pathological changes. Particular attention is given to the enhancement of surgical and combined treatment methods using reconstructive and regenerative technologies. The prospects of implementing a personalized approach to treatment based on the molecular-genetic profile of the tumor are also discussed

Pathogenetic rationale and effectiveness of adhesive splinting in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis

Yusupova M.K., Khabibova N.N. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents the results of a comprehensive clinical, radiological, functional, microcirculatory, and microbiological assessment evaluating the effectiveness of adhesive splinting in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. The study included 60 patients aged 40–65 years. Significant improvements were observed after treatment: the PMA index decreased from 56.7 % to 18.2 %, OHI-S from 2.81 to 1.13, and PBI from 2.3 to 0.9 (p < 0.01). Radiological data revealed an increase in cortical plate thickness (from 1.14 mm to 1.46 mm) and bone mineral density (from 628 HU to 795 HU). Functional restoration was demonstrated by a >40 % increase in chewing force. Laser Doppler flowmetry confirmed enhanced microcirculation through higher perfusion index and lower variation coefficient. Microbiological examination showed a 46 % reduction in pathogenic microorganisms and increased normal flora. These findings confirm the high clinical and pathogenetic effectiveness of adhesive splinting as a valuable component of comprehensive therapy in chronic generalized periodontitis.

Clinical, anatomical, and structural features of jawbone tissue in patients with partial edentulism and various forms of bone volume deficiency

Shokirov Sh.T., Mukimov I.I. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Partial adentia is accompanied by the remodeling of jawbone tissue and the formation of bone volume deficiency, which can manifest in various morpho-topographical forms. Despite the widespread use of radiological diagnostic methods, the clinical-anatomical and structural characteristics of bone tissue in different forms of deficiency remain insufficiently systematized, which complicates the differentiated planning of surgical treatment.

Rationale for the use of different prosthetic constructions on dental implants with various abutments

Juraev B.N., Kahramonov B.D., Shovkatov O.Sh. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article looks at how to pick and use different dental implant restorations with different abutments. Current trends in implant prosthetics are studied. The clinical reasons for choosing certain designs based on clinical and anatomical situations and load type are given. Biomechanical aspects of how the implant, abutment, and restoration work together are studied, alongside giving practical advice on getting the best functional and aesthetic results.

Socio-economic significance of the use of new antiseptics in surgical dentistry

Eshmamatov I.A., Khasanova M.A. — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes the clinical effectiveness and socio-economic significance of introducing new antiseptic agents into surgical dentistry in accordance with the socio-economic development strategy of Uzbekistan. The results of the scientific analysis show that the introduction of biomedical innovations into practice based on local production increases the efficiency of the healthcare system, strengthens the health of the population, and reduces dependence on imports in the pharmaceutical sector. This process serves to develop the scientific potential of the national economy, create new jobs, and implement the principle of "A Healthy Nation is Sustainable Development."

Comparative characteristics of 3D-printed materials for temporary restorations and their impact on oral health

Rizaeva S.M., Musabekova A. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyses modern 3D-printed materials used in dentistry for temporary restoration. It considers the main types of materials used in additional production technologies, their physical and mechanical characteristics, biological flexibility features, and impact on the condition of oral tissues. Particular attention is paid to comparing standard photopolymer resins, hybrid nanocomposite materials, and high-strength resins, such as PMMA, in terms of their clinical application and safety.

Manifestation of anatomical and morphological features of teeth in different populations. Literature review

Rizayeva S.M., Abdumutalipova M.A. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study of dental morphology provides information about intra-population and inter-population diversity. Molar and premolar teeth differ in size, shape, condition of fissures, and the relative proportion of cusps depending on the constitution of the organism.
For many years, insufficient attention has been given to the study of ethnographic, reductive, and individual characteristics of tooth structure. Only a few researchers have been engaged in studies in the fields of odontology and odontoglyphics, and they consider it important to develop this direction in science.

Dental care for patients with head and neck cancer. current status of the problem

Kiparisov Yu.S., Rizaeva S.M., Nurieva N.S. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This review article analyzes current literature on providing dental care to patients with head and neck cancer. Trends in cancer incidence worldwide and in the Russian Federation are examined. Cancer incidence trends globally and in the Russian Federation are examined. The legal framework governing the provision of care to this population is analyzed. The article's conclusions highlight key organizational and clinical features of dental care for patients with head and neck cancer. The article's conclusions highlight key organizational and clinical features of dental care for patients with oncological diseases of the head and neck region. As a result of the analysis of literary data, it was established that patients with malignant neoplasms require timely and high-quality dental care at all stages of treatment, including rehabilitation. The conclusion reflects that, in order to further improve the dental care system for cancer patients, priority is given to the implementation of modern technologies and strengthening continuity between medical institutions.

Improvement of comprehensive treatment of odontogenic purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region (review article)

Juraev B.N., Fasikhiddinov R.K. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this review article is to analyze modern approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of limited odontogenic purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. The article discusses key pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical features, and current principles of complex therapy, including rational antibiotic use, physiotherapeutic support, and minimally invasive surgical interventions. Special attention is paid to improving treatment strategies aimed at reducing hospitalization time, preventing complications, and enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. Based on a review of national and international studies, the paper highlights current trends in optimizing comprehensive management of these conditions.

The current state of implant-based restoration of dentition in complete and partial edentulism (Literature Review)

Kurbonov D.F., Tojiev F.I., Mukimov I.I., Ismoilkhujaeva K.G. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Despite significant progress in the field of prosthodontics and dental implantology, the problem of restoring dentition in complete and partial edentulism, accompanied by pronounced atrophy of the alveolar processes, remains one of the most complex and debated issues in modern clinical practice. Tooth loss leads not only to functional and aesthetic impairments but also initiates a cascade of morphological, biomechanical, and psycho-emotional changes that significantly deteriorate patients' quality of life. Traditional methods of prosthetic treatment and endosseous implantation are often limited or ineffective in patients with severe bone tissue resorption, necessitating the search for alternative and technologically advanced approaches to rehabilitation. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in subperiosteal implants, especially in combination with CAD/CAM and additive technologies, which allow for increased accuracy, customization, and predictability of treatment. This review is dedicated to the analysis of current concepts regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, and classification of edentulism, as well as a critical assessment of existing methods for implant-supported dental restoration in patients with pronounced jaw atrophy and the prospects for using digital subperiosteal implant systems.

New method of surgical treatment for fractures of the orbital floor

Abdullaev Sh.Yu., Ravshanova O.T. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents information from key domestic and foreign scientific literature sources on the etiology, clinical presentation, and main characteristics of orbital fractures. It describes the features of early and late periods of post-traumatic orbital deformities, such as diplopia, enophthalmos, hypophthalmos, and potential treatment approaches. The modern capabilities of computed tomography in diagnosing orbital injuries are detailed. The article provides information from various authors on addressing the main challenges of orbital reconstruction, including the choice of tactics, surgical access, and intervention techniques. The properties of various materials for restoring orbital walls are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of plastic materials are discussed.

Analysis of Existing Rehabilitation Methods for Patients with Severe Atrophy of the Alveolar Process in the Jaws (Literature Review)

Kurbonov D.F., Tojiev F.I., Mukimov I.I., Ismoilkhujaeva K.G. — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of modern concepts and clinical approaches in dental implantology for various forms of dental arch defects and pronounced alveolar ridge atrophy. Key stages in the development of implant technologies are examined, including the evolution from classical endosseous systems to alternative methods based on the use of basal, zygomatic, and short implants. The anatomical, topographical, and biomechanical limitations necessitating the modification of surgical protocols are described in detail, along with methods of bone augmentation, guided tissue regeneration, and distraction osteogenesis. Particular attention is paid to the issues of osseointegration, material biocompatibility, and clinical predictability of results. Analysis of literature data confirms the high effectiveness of implant treatment, provided that the methodology is individually tailored, intervention protocols are optimized, and principles of atraumatic technique are observed.