Integrative dentistry and maxillofacial surgery

Cellular mechanisms of apical periodontitis pathogenesis

Bekzhanova O.E., Furkatova S.F. — 2026-10-10

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the cellular mechanisms of apical periodontitis (AP) pathogenesis, considered as a result of complex interaction between aggressive root canal microflora and host defense reactions. The role of innate and adaptive immunity in the formation of periapical inflammation is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the functions of neutrophils (PMNs) as the first line of defense, their ability to phagocytosis and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), as well as their contribution to tissue destruction. The significance of macrophages in the secretion of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α) and the mechanisms of bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts are analyzed. Based on the literature analysis, it is concluded that AP progression and destruction of periapical tissues are determined by a dynamic equilibrium in the local inflammatory microenvironment.

Immunobiochemical parameters of oral fluid in recurrent Sutton aphtha of varying severity

Shukurova U.A., Kamilova S.R. — 2026-10-10

The aim of the study was to determine changes in local defense factors, cytokine profile, and metabolic-endothelial parameters of oral fluid in patients with different degrees of severity of recurrent Sutton aphtha. A total of 124 patients aged 18–54 years and 20 practically healthy individuals were examined. According to the SRASI, mild disease was diagnosed in 38 patients, moderate disease in 45, and severe disease in 41 patients. Lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and the levels of sIgA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, homocysteine, and endothelin-1 were assessed. In severe disease, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and sIgA levels were 1.6-, 1.5-, and 1.9-fold lower than the control values, respectively. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were 9.9- and 23.6-fold higher, whereas IL-4 decreased to 54.18% of the control level. Homocysteine and endothelin-1 increased 2.6- and 2.9-fold, respectively. Increasing disease severity was associated with suppression of local defense mechanisms, a pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine shift, and the involvement of metabolic-endothelial mechanisms.

Pathologies of the hard tissues of teeth and clinical features in patients with dental arch anomalies and deformities

Gafforov S.A., Sobirov A.A., Gafforova S.S. — 2026-10-10

Relevance. Dentofacial anomalies and deformities constitute a significant proportion of oral cavity pathology and may influence the development and clinical course of carious and non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of teeth. Comprehensive investigation of the interrelationship between these pathological conditions is of considerable importance for improving comprehensive dental care and preventive measures.
Objective: to assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hard dental tissue pathology in adolescents and young adults with dentofacial anomalies and deformities.
Materials and Methods. The study included a total of 630 patients aged 12–23 years, including 293 (46.51%) adolescents aged 12–17 years and 337 (53.49%) patients aged 18–23 years. Clinical, biometric, anthropometric, and radiographic examination methods, functional tests, and criteria for assessing dental status were used. The severity of dentofacial anomalies was determined using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The prevalence, frequency, and clinical characteristics of carious and non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of teeth were assessed.
Results. The assessment of the prevalence of carious and non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of teeth in patients with dentofacial anomalies and deformities demonstrated an overall prevalence of dental caries of 76.13%; it was 69.59% in the 12–17-year age group and 81.85% in the 18–23-year age group. The highest prevalence of dental caries was observed in patients with dental crowding — 87.23%, maxillary constriction — 83.78%, canine dystopia — 82.93%, and deep bite — 80.95%. Among non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of teeth, enamel hypoplasia — 15.8%, dental fluorosis — 14.3%, and pathological tooth wear — 14.1% were most frequently identified.
Conclusion. Carious and non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of teeth are more prevalent in patients with dentofacial anomalies and deformities compared with the control group. An increase in the clinical severity and degree of dentofacial anomalies is associated with a higher burden of carious and non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of teeth. These findings indicate the need to consider a comprehensive set of etiological factors when diagnosing patients with dentofacial anomalies and deformities and to implement an individualized therapeutic and preventive approach based on the identified risk factors

Molecular-genetic features of the diagnosis and targeted therapy of soft tissue sarcomas (literature review)

Savkin A.V., Abdusattorov O.K. — 2026-10-10

Introduction. Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms comprising more than 70 histological entities with overlapping morphology, which complicates differential diagnosis based on light microscopy and routine immunohistochemistry alone. In the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours (2020), genetic alterations have been elevated to the rank of defining diagnostic criteria. Objective. To systematize current world-literature data on molecular-genetic markers, diagnostic methods and targeted therapy of the main soft tissue sarcoma subtypes and to define their place in the diagnostic and treatment algorithm in the context of the WHO 2020 classification. Methods. An analytical literature review was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE databases, the ESMO–EURACAN–GENTURIS and NCCN clinical guidelines and the 5th edition of the WHO classification over the period 2002–2025; priority was given to primary sources in peer-reviewed journals. Results. For most subtypes, characteristic markers have been established — fusion genes, driver mutations and amplifications detectable by FISH, RT-PCR, next-generation sequencing and surrogate immunohistochemistry. Decoding of these drivers enabled the introduction of targeted therapy: KIT/PDGFRA inhibitors in gastrointestinal stromal tumours, TRK inhibitors in NTRK-rearranged sarcomas, tazemetostat in epithelioid sarcoma and cell therapy in synovial sarcoma. Conclusion. Molecular-genetic testing is an integral component of diagnosis; the same marker often serves a dual — diagnostic and predictive — role, which justifies its early integration into a multistep patient-management strategy.

Biomimetic approach to adhesive restorations: modern principles, materials, clinical strategies and evidence base

Azimov I.M., Dadamov A.D., Kholikov A.S. — 2026-10-10

The purpose of this review is to systematize and critically analyze modern approaches to the application of biomimetic principles in adhesive restorative dentistry with an emphasis on the preservation of tooth tissues, optimization of adhesive joints, functional stress management, the use of reinforcing and bioactive materials, as well as the choice of restoration strategies for teeth with varying degrees of structural damage.

Six-month clinical outcomes of comprehensive therapeutic and preventive management in patients with high electromagnetic exposure

Shukurova U.A., Khatamova Sh.A. — 2026-10-10

Management of dentin hypersensitivity and initial lesions of dental hard tissues should provide not only rapid symptom relief but also long-term maintenance of the clinical effect, improvement of oral hygiene and periodontal status, and prevention of lesion progression. A comprehensive approach may be particularly relevant in patients characterized by a high individual electromagnetic exposure profile. Objective. To evaluate the six-month clinical outcomes of a comprehensive therapeutic and preventive management protocol in patients with high electromagnetic exposure. Materials and methods. This prospective non-randomized study included 135 patients. The main group comprised 90 patients with EMI-CI ≥75, while 45 patients with EMI-CI ≤25 formed the comparison group. The main-group protocol included professional oral hygiene, Gluma Desensitizer for clinically confirmed hypersensitivity, home desensitizing and remineralizing care, correction of local risk factors, and individualized modification of RF/ELF-related behaviors. The comparison group received a conventional preventive protocol including fluoride varnish. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, days 3 and 14, and at 1, 3 and 6 months. Schiff Air Index, numeric pain rating, OHI-S, BOP, ICDAS and adverse clinical events were analyzed. Results. In the main group, Schiff Air Index decreased from 2.82±0.20 to 0.09±0.12 and pain intensity from 8.40±0.92 to 0.66±0.67 at six months. Changes in Schiff score, pain, OHI-S and BOP were significantly greater than in the comparison group at all follow-up points (pHolm<0.001), while significant differences in ICDAS dynamics emerged from month 1. Recurrent hypersensitivity-related visits occurred in 12.2% versus 46.7%, new demineralization lesions in 3.3% versus 17.8%, and progression of initial ICDAS 1–2 lesions in 5.6% versus 24.4%, respectively. Conclusion. Comprehensive management of patients with high EMI-CI was accompanied by pronounced and sustained favorable clinical changes during six months of follow-up.

Effect of Glass Ionomer Cement Particle Size Distribution on Fissure Sealant Effectiveness in Children

Tuygunov N.N., Abdurahimova F.A., Khudanov B.O. — 2026-10-10

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of glass ionomer cements with different filler particle sizes for fissure sealing in children. A total of 200 seven-year-old children were enrolled and allocated into four groups according to the sealing material used: submicron, nano-sized, hybrid, and conventional glass ionomer cement. Clinical effectiveness was assessed after 3, 6, and 12 months using the DMFT index, caries prevalence, oral hygiene indicators, and caries increment reduction. An increase in caries indicators was observed in all groups during the follow-up period; however, the most favorable outcomes were recorded in the nano-sized and hybrid groups. After 12 months, these groups demonstrated lower caries intensity and prevalence as well as higher caries increment reduction compared with the control group. The findings indicate that reducing filler particle size enhances the preventive effectiveness of glass ionomer fissure sealants. A limitation of the study is the relatively short follow-up period. Future studies should focus on the long-term clinical performance of modified glass ionomer cements.

Problems of prosthetic rehabilitation and dental implantation in patients with malignant neoplasms of the maxillofacial region (literature review)

Gafforov S.A., Aslonova G.B., Khen D.N. — 2026-10-10

This article is devoted to the analysis of recent scientific research focused on the comprehensive study of etiological factors contributing to the development of defects and deformities of teeth and dental arches, as well as methods of dental implantation (DI) in patients with malignant neoplasms (MN) of the maxillofacial region (MFR). It also addresses diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, and rehabilitative approaches applied in the post-implantation stages of such patients. It has been noted that searches conducted in scientific databases, including eLIBRARY.RU, the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Library, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the National Institutes of Health (PubMed), using the keywords “physiotherapy in dental implantation,” “magnetotherapy in dental implantation,” “vibromassage in dental implantation,” and “malignant neoplasms of the maxillofacial region,” have yielded only a limited number of relevant research studies. Based on the analysis of the available literature, it has been concluded that conducting scientific research in this field is highly relevant and of significant importance both from a scientific and a practical standpoint.

Alveolar bone status and oral mucosa microcirculation in patients with acid-dependent gastric diseases

Akbarov A.N., Ziyadullaeva N.S., Tulyaganov J.Sh. — 2026-10-10

The aim of the article was to compare alveolar bone resorption rates and denture-bearing mucosa microcirculation dynamics under personalized versus standard prosthodontic treatment in patients with three clinical and pathogenetic variants of acid-dependent gastric pathology. A total of 150 patients (50 per group - hyperacid disease, hypoacid disease, post-bariatric status, each split into personalized and standard treatment subgroups of 25) and 30 healthy controls were examined. Alveolar ridge height, width and density (HU) were assessed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT, GALILEOS, Sirona), and microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry, over a 12-month follow-up. In all three groups the personalized approach was associated with significantly less loss of alveolar ridge height, width and bone density, and more complete restoration of tissue perfusion, compared with standard treatment; the greatest relative benefit of the personalized approach was observed in post-bariatric patients, where between-subgroup differences in the rate of bone density loss reached almost a tenfold magnitude.

Clinical and neurophysiological foundations for the comprehensive treatment of injuries of the lower alveolar nerve after mandibular injuries

Nurmamatzoda O.A. — 2026-10-10

This article examines the effectiveness of a comprehensive approach to treating lower alveolar nerve (LAN) damage following mandibular injuries. The study involved 100 patients (main and comparative groups) and 20 healthy individuals. Clinical-functional and neurophysiological assessment methods (VAS, sensory tests, ENMG) were used. According to the results, the pain in the main group decreased significantly, and sensory function and nerve conduction recovered almost to normal. Although positive dynamics were observed in the comparison group, they were less pronounced. Thus, the comprehensive treatment method possesses high efficacy in PAN lesions and ensures a stable improvement in clinical and neurophysiological indicators.

Features of the dental status of stroke patients

Yuldashev A.A., Nurmatzoda O.A. — 2026-10-10

The consequences of a stroke directly or indirectly affect various organs and systems, including the oral cavity. The most common direct consequence is sialorrhea and pain syndrome, and due to motor disorders, patients have significant difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene, which in turn leads to various dental problems. In this study, an analysis of the state of the oral cavity in stroke patients was carried out, taking into account the type of acute cerebrovascular accident, post-stroke complications and risk factors. The majority of patients were found to have an unsatisfactory state of oral hygiene, signs of gingivitis and periodontitis, which indicates the need to develop protocols for the prevention, treatment and prosthetics of stroke patients.

Salivary Secretory IgA Dynamics After Conventional Versus Neo-Ostium and Temporary Catheterization Treatment for Sialolithiasis: A Comparative Clinical and Immunological Study

Hamroyeva K.Sh., Jumayev L.R. — 2026-10-10

Background. In sialolithiasis, salivary duct obstruction, secretion stasis, and chronic inflammation affect not only the secretory function of the salivary gland but also the local mucosal immune response. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a major humoral component of oral mucosal defense, and its dynamics may represent a promising non-invasive biomarker of post-treatment immune-secretory recovery. Objective. To comparatively evaluate salivary sIgA dynamics in patients with sialolithiasis following conventional treatment and a modified treatment approach based on neo-ostium formation and temporary duct catheterization. Materials and methods. The study included 100 participants: 20 healthy individuals constituted the control group and 80 patients with sialolithiasis comprised the clinical cohort. Of these, 35 patients underwent conventional treatment and 45 received the modified treatment. Salivary sIgA concentration was measured in unstimulated whole saliva using a sandwich ELISA with the IgA Secretory-IFA-BEST assay. Results. Mean sIgA concentration was 228.4 mg/L in healthy controls and 262.8 mg/L in patients with sialolithiasis before treatment, representing a 15.1% increase. The two clinical groups were comparable at baseline (261.80 vs 263.58 mg/L; p=0.745). After conventional treatment, sIgA decreased to 245.60 mg/L (p=0.002), whereas after the modified treatment it decreased to 234.80 mg/L (p<0.001). The post-treatment between-group difference was statistically significant (p=0.002). The mean reduction in sIgA was greater in the modified-treatment group than in the conventional-treatment group (28.78 vs 16.20 mg/L; p=0.049). Following modified treatment, sIgA levels did not differ significantly from those of healthy controls (p=0.150). Conclusion. Neo-ostium formation combined with temporary duct catheterization was associated with a more pronounced shift of salivary sIgA toward healthy control values.

A comprehensive clinical and immunological assessment of the effectiveness of topical therapy for denture stomatitis using digital photography

Mirkhoshimova M.F., Khabilov B.N. — 2026-10-10

Background. Denture-related stomatitis is characterized by inflammation of the prosthetic bed mucosa and impaired local immune response. Objective. To compare the clinical and immunological efficacy of the "Health & White" biologically active film, "Diplen-Dent LH" adhesive paste, and "Parodium" gel. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients with grade I-II denture-related stomatitis, who were divided into three groups of 20 people each. An additional 20 healthy individuals were examined as a control group. Clinical evaluation was performed on days 1, 7, and 30 using digital photography, the Schiller-Pisarev test, and assessment of epithelialization time. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and sIgA in the oral fluid were determined by ELISA. Results. By day 30, a complete resolution of inflammation was observed in 100.0% of patients in the "Health & White" group, 95.0% in the "Diplen-Dent LH" group, and 75.0% in the "Parodium" group. In the first group, IL-1β levels decreased 27-fold, IL-6 levels decreased 11.1-fold, TNF-α levels decreased 2.9-fold, and sIgA levels increased 1.9-fold. Conclusion. The "Health & White" film demonstrated the most pronounced clinical and immunological effect, which supports the rationale for comprehensive clinical and laboratory monitoring of treatment efficacy for denture-related stomatitis.

Clinical and prosthodontic considerations in the dental rehabilitation of patients with intestinal diseases (a literature review)

Shosaidova N.R., Ziyadullaeva N.S. — 2026-10-10

Introduction. Inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, and conditions associated with malabsorption may present with oral mucosal lesions, periodontal changes, enamel defects, and altered salivary function. These findings are relevant to abutment selection, prosthesis design, and treatment tolerance. Their severity varies with the underlying disease, nutritional status, and medication exposure.
Aim and objectives. To summarize evidence on the oral manifestations of intestinal diseases and identify factors relevant to prosthodontic rehabilitation. Particular attention was paid to oral mucosa, periodontal tissues, dental hard tissues, salivary function, and medication-related complications.
Materials and methods. A narrative review of 13 publications published between 1992 and 2023 was performed. Clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and review articles were considered. Findings were grouped according to the type of oral involvement and its implications for prosthodontic treatment. No original clinical investigation or quantitative pooling of results was undertaken.
Results. Specific and nonspecific mucosal lesions have been described in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Reported associations between inflammatory bowel diseases and periodontitis do not establish causality. Enamel defects and possible nutritional deficiencies are relevant in celiac disease. Xerostomia requires individual assessment and is not an inevitable manifestation of intestinal disease. Active ulceration, periodontal inflammation, and marked oral dryness may complicate treatment. Direct comparative evidence identifying optimal prosthetic designs for these patients remains limited.
Conclusion. Rehabilitation should account for supporting tissues, systemic disease activity, and individual dental risks. Management of inflammation and trauma, cleanable prosthesis design, and follow-up are essential. Gastroenterological consultation is indicated when systemic complications affect treatment planning.

The role of optimized determination of the constructive bite in improving the efficiency and stability of orthodontic treatment of distal occlusion

Akhmedova S.B., Nigmatova I.M. — 2026-10-10

Distal occlusion is one of the most common anomalies of the dental and maxillofacial system, characterized by a disruption in the sagittal relationships of the jaws. One of the key factors for successful treatment of this pathology is the accurate determination of the constructive bite, which defines the therapeutic position of the lower jaw. Violations in the registration methodology lead to functionally unstable occlusion and an increased risk of relapse. Modern trends are focused on utilizing functionally oriented methods that take into account muscular and joint components. In this regard, the implementation of optimized functional techniques aimed at improving diagnostic accuracy and the stability of orthodontic results is highly relevant.

Modern approaches to the prevention of secondary dental arch deformities in children with mixed dentition

Ziyadullaeva N.S., Bekbosynova F.K. — 2026-10-10

The mixed dentition period is characterized by intensive morphofunctional changes in the child's dentofacial system and plays a decisive role in the development of proper occlusion. Premature loss of primary teeth, disturbances in the timing of permanent tooth eruption, deleterious oral habits, and the lack of timely dental supervision contribute to the development of secondary dental arch deformities. These changes, in turn, result in both functional impairment and esthetic abnormalities. Therefore, the prevention of secondary dental arch deformities in children during the mixed dentition period remains an important objective of pediatric dentistry and orthodontics.

Dynamics of immunological parameters of oral fluid in patients with chronic localized periodontitis during complex treatment

Zakirova Kh., Rizaeva S.M., Ibragimov A. — 2026-10-10

Chronic localized periodontitis holds particular clinical significance: a lesion limited in extent may nonetheless involve a substantial microbial-inflammatory burden, impaired microcirculation, functional overload, and a high risk of complications following prosthetic rehabilitation with artificial crowns. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis is viewed as a link between microbial aggression and tissue destruction; consequently, markers such as IL-1β and TNF-α—alongside chemokines and metalloproteinases—are included in modern studies as both diagnostic and prognostic indicators of inflammatory activity.

Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of dental prosthodontic rehabilitation in patients using temporary constructions

Kobiljonov J.K. — 2026-10-10

The aim of the study was a clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of using temporary constructions in the process of prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients. The study involved 100 patients (aged 23-59 years), divided into the main group (50 people, using temporary crowns) and the control group (50 people, without temporary crowns). Effectiveness was evaluated based on oral cavity index assessments (OHI-S, PMA, SBI, PI) before treatment, 30 days after temporary prosthetics, and 1 month after permanent restoration fixation. Statistical processing was carried out using the Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and χ2 criteria. As a result, an improvement in hygienic status and the condition of periodontal tissues was noted in both groups. However, a more pronounced positive dynamic was recorded in the main group: the PI index decreased from 2.0 to 0.5 points (30 days after temporary prosthetics), and the inter-stage differences between temporary and permanent prosthetics were statistically significant (p=0.011), while the dynamics in the control group were less pronounced. The analysis confirmed the high clinical effect of using provisional restorations (effect size for the PMA index d=1.42, for the SBI d=1.35), which contributes to the rapid relief of inflammatory processes in the periodontium.

The influence of playing wind instruments on the dento-maxillofacial system and occlusion: an analytical review of international literature by instrument class and risk factor

Sayfiyeva F.F., Turabov A.A., Ziyadullaeva N.S. — 2026-10-10

Aim: to systematize and critically analyze the international literature on the influence of playing wind instruments on the dento-maxillofacial system, occlusion and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), comparing biomechanical risk factors with clinical and epidemiological data across instrument classes. Material and methods: an analytical literature review (PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, MDPI, Springer, Wiley, ResearchGate, Google Scholar) was performed using the keywords "wind instrument", "embouchure", "occlusion", "mouthpiece force", "temporomandibular disorder"; 12 primary and review sources were included. Results: mouthpiece/reed pressure (211–500 g depending on instrument class, up to 379 g on individual incisors during high-register playing) exceeds the threshold sufficient for orthodontic tooth movement (35–60 g) across all instrument classes; a significant increase in lingual/buccal crossbite prevalence was found only among brass players using a large cup-shaped mouthpiece (p<0.05; n=170, 21 orchestras); pooled meta-analytic prevalence of TMJ dysfunction among wind instrumentalists is 58% versus approximately 31% in the general population; the relationship between occlusal status and performance quality is bidirectional. Conclusion: the accumulated international data demonstrate statistically significant but clinically heterogeneous and mostly moderate dento-maxillofacial changes that depend on instrument class; the methodological quality of the evidence base is rated as low or very low (high heterogeneity, small samples, predominance of cross-sectional designs), which justifies the need for standardized protocols and further research, including on previously unstudied national wind instruments.

Assessment of the wear of artificial teeth in partial removable acrylic dentures using digital 3D scanning

Yahyoyeva G.S., Khabilov B.N. — 2026-10-10

Background. Wear of artificial denture teeth is one of the main factors affecting the longevity of removable partial dentures. Occlusal surface wear may impair masticatory efficiency, alter occlusal relationships, and reduce the long-term clinical effectiveness of prosthetic treatment. Modern digital three-dimensional (3D) scanning technologies provide an objective and accurate method for assessing the clinical wear of artificial teeth. Objective. To evaluate the clinical wear of artificial teeth from different manufacturers used in removable partial dentures by means of digital 3D scanning. Materials and Methods. The study included 60 patients with partial secondary edentulism who were rehabilitated with removable partial dentures. The patients were divided into three equal groups according to the artificial teeth used: Yamahachi (Japan), Kali (China), and Spofad (Czech Republic). Digital 3D scanning was performed immediately after denture fabrication and repeated after six months of clinical use. STL models were superimposed and analyzed using Exocad software. Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0.Results. After six months, the mean wear values were 1.7 ± 0.3% for Yamahachi, 1.2 ± 0.3% for Kali, and 2.2 ± 0.3% for Spofad artificial teeth. The lowest wear was observed in the Kali group, whereas the highest wear was found in the Spofad group. The differences among the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Digital 3D scanning is a reliable and highly accurate method for quantitative assessment of clinical wear in artificial denture teeth. The findings indicate that Kali artificial teeth demonstrated superior wear resistance compared with Yamahachi and Spofad, suggesting their suitability for removable partial denture fabrication.

Modern Methods for Effective Cleaning of Removable Dentures: A Review, Comparative Evaluation, and Recommendations for Clinical Practice

Khabibova Z.N., Khabilov D.N. — 2026-10-10

This article presents a review of modern methods for cleaning removable dentures from residual denture adhesive creams. Despite the widespread use of denture adhesives, the issue of their complete removal from denture surfaces remains insufficiently investigated. Residual adhesives may serve as a nutrient substrate for microorganisms and contribute to the development of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to systematize the available literature data and propose optimal approaches for the effective removal of adhesive compositions from the surfaces of removable dental prostheses.
A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases eLIBRARY, CyberLeninka, and PubMed using the following search combination: (“Denture, Partial, Removable” AND “Denture adhesive” AND “Denture cleansers” AND “Oral hygiene”). Publications were selected according to their relevance to the study topic without strict time restrictions.
The review systematizes modern methods of hygienic care for removable dentures, including mechanical brushing, the combined use of brushing and disinfectant solutions, coconut soap, hygiene pastes containing propolis extract and tea tree oil, silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-containing agents, as well as microwave and ultrasonic treatment. The most pronounced cleaning effect is achieved through a combination of mechanical and chemical methods, particularly with the daily use of sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, or NitrAdine effervescent tablets.

Prevention of dentofacial anomalies: current approaches and clinical significance

Yulchiyev B.D. — 2026-10-10

This article analyzes current approaches to the prevention of dentofacial anomalies in children, integrating epidemiological data, etiological classification, and age-specific preventive strategies. Global prevalence data show that malocclusion ranges from 28.4% to 83.9% among preschool children worldwide, underscoring its status as a major public health concern. Genetic, functional, local and systemic etiological factors are classified, and a four-stage preventive model (prenatal/infancy, primary dentition, mixed dentition, permanent dentition) is proposed, illustrated with practical clinical examples.

Current possibilities of ultrasonic cavitation therapy in the surgical treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region

Bekmurodov E.E., Musaev Sh.Sh. — 2026-10-10

Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region remain an important problem in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to rapid infection spread, microbial biofilm formation, and the risk of severe complications. The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence on ultrasonic cavitation as an adjunct to surgical treatment of purulent maxillofacial wounds. Russian-language and international publications mainly from 2011-2025 were analyzed. Low-frequency ultrasound-assisted debridement may facilitate removal of necrotic tissue and fibrin, disrupt microbial biofilms, reduce local bacterial burden, and promote an earlier transition of the wound process to the reparative phase. However, optimal ultrasound parameters, treatment duration, procedure frequency, and indications for repeated cavitation in maxillofacial infections have not yet been sufficiently standardized.

Predicting the survival rate of children with rhabdomyosarcoma

Azimova E.K. — 2026-10-10

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in children. World statistics record 4-5 cases per 1 million children per year, most often in the head and neck region. However, due to the incomplete registration of oncological diseases in some countries, accurate data on this pathology are not available everywhere. Direct statistical data on rhabdomyosarcoma in Uzbekistan are practically non-existent; therefore, the article presents approximate morbidity rates compared to international data and addresses issues related to ease of diagnosis and patient survival.
Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted in Uzbekistan at the Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology in Tashkent. Statistical forms No. 7 for 2022-2025, covering the overall incidence and survival of children with primary malignant tumors in 55 children, were analyzed. The main symptoms of the disease were disorders of the genitourinary system in 9.1% of cases, and respiratory and nasal symptoms in 5.5% of patients. The head and neck are most frequently affected (about 41%), followed by the genitourinary system (29.1%), the limbs (~20%), and the torso (9.1%). In 55.8% of cases, pathology in the head and neck region manifested as an isolated lesion, but in 9.3% of cases, specific respiratory-nasal symptoms were observed: difficulty in nasal breathing, nasal voice, and exophthalmos.
Results. The proposed prognostic scale is based on parameters that have proven their statistical significance in regression analysis. The model demonstrated high efficiency in patient stratification (r=0.0023; C-index 0.721) significantly outperformed the EpSSG system in accuracy (C-index 0.516), indicating a low prognostic value within the scope of this study. The practical significance of the drug lies in the presence of two variable factors that allow for the modification of treatment tactics. The scale is used after the completion of induction therapy, provided that a complete set of data is available. Its use allows for the timely identification of patients in high-risk groups, which is an indication for strengthening therapy, more rigorous monitoring, or transitioning to experimental treatment protocols.

Patient-Specific 3D Morphometric and Finite Element-Guided Planning of Osteosynthesis for Mandibular Condylar Fractures: A Comparative Clinical and Biomechanical Study

Musaev Sh.Sh., Shomurodov K.E. — 2026-10-10

The biomechanical stability of osteosynthesis for mandibular condylar process fractures depends not only on the type of fixation device but also on fracture geometry, proximal fragment dimensions, and the pattern of functional loading. Objective. To evaluate the potential of patient-specific finite element analysis (FEA) for optimizing fixation strategies in mandibular condylar process fractures. Materials and Methods. Three-dimensional mandibular models were generated from CT/CBCT data, followed by segmentation and virtual reduction of the bone fragments. Fracture-specific morphometric parameters were assessed, and several osteosynthesis configurations were simulated. Finite element analysis was used to evaluate equivalent von Mises stresses in bone and fixation components, stress distribution at the bone-screw interface, interfragmentary displacement, and overall fixation stiffness. Results. FEA-guided optimization of the fixation strategy resulted in a more favorable distribution of functional loads. Compared with conventional fixation planning, the patient-specific FEA-based approach reduced equivalent stresses in the fixation system and surrounding bone by an average of 4.2-fold and increased fixation construct stiffness by 2.1-fold. These findings indicate improved biomechanical stability and a potentially lower risk of interfragmentary micromotion, secondary displacement, and fixation failure. Conclusion. Patient-specific finite element modeling can be used as a preoperative biomechanical planning tool for mandibular condylar process fractures. Integration of fracture morphometry, virtual reduction, and FEA enables individualized selection of fixation configuration according to the mechanical characteristics of a specific fracture.

Primary prevention of traumatic occlusion in general dental practice

Khabilov B.N., Pulatov Kh.T. — 2026-10-10

Traumatic occlusion remains a frequent cause of tooth and periodontal overload in general dental practice, leading to the development of occlusal interferences, increased attrition, wedge-shaped defects, hypersensitivity, tooth mobility, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. The purpose of this article is to substantiate and systematize primary prevention measures for traumatic occlusion applicable at the initial consultation and treatment planning stage. Key etiological factors are reviewed (inadequate restorations and prostheses, premature contacts, occlusal disturbances after orthodontic treatment, parafunctions, neuromuscular imbalances), and a clinical screening algorithm is proposed: collecting patient complaints and medical history, assessing occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation and during dynamic movements, identifying supracontacts and interferences, analyzing the occlusal plane and interalveolar height, and performing a functional assessment of the masticatory muscles and TMJ. The article emphasizes the role of minimally invasive occlusal correction, quality control of restorations, rational prosthetics that consider a specific occlusal concept, patient education on managing parafunctional habits, and, where necessary, the use of occlusal splints. In conclusion, practical recommendations are formulated for the general dental practitioner aimed at preventing overload of the dentoalveolar system and reducing the risk of complications.

Etiology, pathogenesis, and management of mandibular atrophy (a literature review)

Eshmamatov I.A. — 2026-10-10

This article presents a literature review on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and current treatment methods of mandibular atrophy. Atrophy of the alveolar part of the mandible is one of the pressing problems of modern dentistry, prosthetic rehabilitation, and maxillofacial surgery. Tooth loss is accompanied by gradual bone resorption, the severity of which depends on the duration of edentulism, periodontal status, patient age, systemic diseases, and the nature of functional loading. Atrophy acquires particular clinical significance when planning dental implantation, since a deficiency in bone height and width substantially limits the possibilities of standard implant treatment. The modern approach to managing patients with severe mandibular atrophy is based on comprehensive diagnostics, individualized planning of surgical reconstruction, and the use of bone augmentation techniques, guided bone regeneration, distraction osteogenesis, and, in certain cases, inferior alveolar nerve transposition.

Biochemical mechanisms of oral squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis: the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, the microbiome, and molecular alterations

Akhmedov A.B., Saidov G.N., Tukhtaev Sh.F. — 2026-10-10

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multifactorial malignant neoplasm, the development of which is associated with the complex interaction of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, metabolic reprogramming of cells, microbiological alterations, and molecular genetic changes. The article presents current data on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in OSCC, with an emphasis on the role of reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines, the antioxidant system, angiogenesis factors, and signaling pathways of cellular proliferation and invasion. Key biomarkers are considered, including 8-OHdG, ROS, SOD, GP, IL-6, TNF-α, TP53, Ki-67, EGFR, VEGF, MMP-9, and others, as well as their diagnostic and prognostic significance. It is shown that these parameters reflect a unified pathobiochemical cascade that determines the transition from chronic inflammation to malignant transformation of the epithelium. The necessity of integrating biochemical markers into clinical and diagnostic models to improve the accuracy of early detection and prediction of the OSCC course is emphasized.