Periodontal Tissue Functionality in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57231/j.idmfs.2026.5.2.037Abstract
Ample evidence of the mutually aggravating influence of periodontal and intestinal pathologies through numerous microbiological, immunological, psychological, and metabolic associations has led to increased interest in the problem of periodontal pathology in patients with IBD. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium caused by bacteria. The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is used to describe two main types of the disease: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is an immunologically mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract. UC primarily affects the rectum but can also spread to the colon. CD affects any part of the intestine and the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and functional changes in periodontal tissues in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontitis are inflammatory diseases with a chronic, progressive course. They share a common pathogenesis, which involves the interaction and mutual exacerbation of microbiome disturbances and immune-inflammatory responses. IBD is one of the most important risk factors for the development and severity of periodontitis. We found that in patients with IBD, the risk of severe stage III/IV periodontitis is 2.431 (95% CI 1.704 – 3.470), and the etiologic contribution of IBD to the risk of stage III/IV periodontitis is 58.86%. The presence of a risk factor increases the severity of periodontal pathology.
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